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Inhaltsverzeichnis
- The relation of Kuwait’s development to Europe and Far East.
- Discovery of oil reserves outside the Middle East.
- Arab nationalism.
- Great Britain’s responsibility.
- Inapplicability of laws and generalizations of developed world.
- General lessons of value to others.
- Kuwait a testing ground.
- 1. Urbanization and Population Growth in the Middle East.
- 1. Definitions.
- General statements on nature and causes of urbanization.
- Historical connections.
- Development of civilisations.
- Technical innovations.
- Sources of labour.
- Population increase, food supplies, general educational advances.
- 2. Middle East Urbanization: Extent and Special Characteristics.
- United Nations’s statistics.
- 3. Levels of Urbanization in the Middle East.
- 4. Elements Peculiar to the Urbanization of the Middle East.
- Social and political urbanization.
- Defence role.
- Religion.
- Oil.
- Investment capital.
- Israel.
- Foreign aid.
- 5. Conclusion.
- II. The Urbanization of Kuwait. Prosperity alternating with hardship.
- 1. The Environment. Physical geography.
- a) Summer.
- b) Winter.
- c) Daily weather.
- 2. Water Resources.
- a) Occurrence.
- b) Development.
- 3. Power.
- 4. Agriculture.
- a) Farmers.
- b) Nomads.
- 5. Fishing.
- a) Pearling.
- b) Fishing.
- 6. Mineral Resources Industries.
- Industries.
- Distribution of labour force.
- Restriction of economic opportunity.
- III. The Early History of Kuwait.
- IV. The Economic Development of Kuwait.
- V. Population Growth in Kuwait. Twelve hundred per cent increase in 60 years.
- 1. Introduction.
- Preponderance of non-Kuwaitis.
- Nationality law.
- Duality of national life.
- 2. Population Expansion by Immigration.
- a) War-time immigration.
- b) Post-war immigration.
- c) Factors involved in immigration.
- d) The Alien population 1957–1965.
- aa) Sex ratios.
- bb) Agestructure.
- e) Permanency of migration to Kuwait.
- f) Arrivals after 1965.
- 3. Population Expansion by Natural Increase. Introduction.
- a) Vital statistics in Kuwait.
- b) Natality, mortality and the population cycle.
- c) Health facilities in Kuwait.
- aa) Growth.
- bb) Effect.
- d) Age structure of the Kuwait population.
- aa) The Kuwaitis.
- bb) The Non-Kuwaitis.
- e) Natality and fertility.
- aa) Kuwaitis.
- bb) Non-Kuwaitis.
- f) Mortality.
- bb) Non — Kuwaitis.
- 4. Conclusions - Natural Increase.
- a) Kuwaitis.
- b) Non-Kuwaitis.
- VI. The Ecology of Daily Life.
- A. The Rural Community.
- Agriculture.
- Water resources.
- Pastoral nomadism.
- Cultural legacy of the Badu.
- Religion, fasts and feasts.
- Emphasis on kinship.
- Hospitality, manners and modes.
- B. The Urban Community.
- Post-War Expansion of the Built up Area.
- 1. Kuwait City Before Oil Discoveries.
- a) Extent.
- b) Internal characteristics and differentiation.
- 2. Kuwait City after the Discovery of Oil.
- Rising revenues and immigration.
- 3. The Government Land Purchase Scheme.
- 4. Planning and Urban Expansion.
- a) The 1952 plan.
- b) Physical expansion of the city structure.
- c) Subsequent plans.
- 5. The Contemporary City.
- a) The Old City.
- b) The Kuwait neighbourhoods.
- c) Hawalli and Salimiya.
- d) Abruq Khaitan and Farwaniya.
- e) Ahmadi and Fahahil.
- C. Population Distribution and Density within the Urban Areas.
- 1. Changing Patterns of Population Distribution.
- a) Before the first census.
- b) Effects of oil discoveries.
- c) Population distribution in 1957.
- d) Population distribution in 1965.
- D. Population Composition and Social Areas within Kuwait.
- 1. “Western” and “non-Western” Cities.
- 2. Land Use and Urban Ecology.
- a) Methods.
- b) Selection of variables.
- 3. The Distribution of IndividualVariables.
- a) Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis.
- b) Illiterates.
- c) Employees in construction.
- d) Professional and temnical workers.
- e) Administrative workers.
- 4. The Analysis of Groups of Variables.
- a) Method.
- b) Variables.
- 5. The Factors: Their Composition and Distribution.
- a) Factor composition.
- b) The distribution of factors throughout Kuwait.
- 6. The Geographic Distribution of Individual Factors.
- 7. Combinations of all 3 Factors.
- a) Group 1.
- b) Group 2.
- c) Group 3.
- d) Group 4.
- 8. Factor Analysis and the Structure of Kuwait City.
- 9. Social Areas in Kuwait City.
- a) The Old City and other areas of immigrant invasion.
- b) Areas under construction with low-status immigrants.
- c) Strongly Kuwaiti areas.
- 10. International Parallels.
- 11. Conclusion.
- VII. Health and Disease.
- a) Pseudo-urbanization.
- b) The health of the Badu.
- c) Effects of urbanization.
- d) Integration of planning for social and environmental manges.
- e) The importance of integrating disciplines beyond fringe of medicine.
- f) Adaptation of the individual to meet the new stresses.
- g) Alterations in disease patterns.
- h) Definition of Medical Geography.
- 2. Specific Problems of Kuwait.
- a) Training for responsibility.
- b) Infectious disease.
- c) Infant gastro-enteritis.
- d) Kuwait as an epidemiological listening post.
- e) Genetic disease.
- f) Environmental influences.
- g) Blindness.
- VIII. Preventive Medicine in Kuwait.
- 1. Preventive Medical Service.
- a) Establishment: urban planning: water supplies; killing of animals.
- b) Structure of Ministry of Public Health.
- c) Growth of services.
- d) Communications.
- e) Health education.
- f) Inspection of buildings and regulations.
- g) Private industrially financed medical services of the oil companies.
- 2. Infectious Diseases.
- a)Comparison with other geographic areas.
- b) Leprosy.
- c) Hepatitis.
- d) Rabies.
- e) Malaria.
- f) Poliomyelitis.
- g) Bacillary Dysentery.
- h) Amoebic Dysentery.
- i) Worms.
- j) Schistosomiasis.
- 3. School Medical Services.
- a) School population.
- b) Development of service.
- c) Epidemiology.
- d) Nutrition.
- IX. Treatment Services.
- 1. Traditional Medicine.
- a) Badu practices.
- b) Branding.
- c) The history of Arabian medicine.
- d) The Nestorians and Persians.
- 2. Modern Treatment Services.
- a) European influence in the Gulf.
- b) The Political Agency and the American Mission.
- c) The Government and oil companies.
- d) Professional medical associations.
- e) Medical facilities and services.
- f) Laboratory services.
- g) Tuberculosis diagnostic laboratory.
- h) Blood transfusion services.
- i) Relative paucity of published clinical eports until 1968.
- X. Trauma, Temperance, Tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis.
- 1. Trauma.
- a) War and wounds.
- The last battle of Jahra 1920.
- Dr. Mylrea’s account.
- b) Deaths and accidents on the roads.
- c) Statistics.
- Industrial and domestic accidents.
- 2. Temperance.
- Religious law and alcohol.
- Different countries’ experience.
- Prohibition in Kuwait.
- The position for non-Moslems.
- Illegal distilling.
- Smuggling.
- Effects of alcohol intoxication.
- 3. Tuberculosis.
- Experience of the Badu.
- Infection in older people.
- Population sampling.
- Treatment facilities.
- Visit of WHO in 1961.
- B. C. G. vaccination.
- Conversion rates.
- Non -pulmonary tuberculosis.
- 4. Toxoplasmosis.
- Epidemiology elsewhere.
- The study in Kuwait.
- Clinical findings.
- Significance of endemicity in local sheep and goats.
- XI. Psychiatric Illness.
- The pattern in Kuwait.
- Traditional practices.
- Hospital facilities.
- Incidence of disease.
- Use of drugs.
- Sexual deviation andhomosexuality.
- Emancipation of women and psychoneurotic effects.
- The effects of industrialisation.
- XII. The Haemoglobinopathies.
- 1. First Recognition in Kuwait.
- World distribution.
- Source of Kuwait’s population; migrations.
- 2. Sickle-Cell Anaemia.
- 3. Thalassaemia: definition.
- Clinical and laboratory studies: treatment.
- 4. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency of the Red Blood Cells.
- XIII. Heat Illness and Desert Survival.
- Comparative physiology in man and animals.
- The Badu: conservation of energy, comfort and discipline.
- Heat gain and loss.
- Investigations in Kuwait, and elsewhere on the Badu.
- Types of heat illness.
- Heat-illness among oil tanker crews.
- Heat-stroke in Kuwait.
- Steps taken to combat effects of heat stroke.
- Factors affecting heat control.
- XIV. Occupational Health.
- 1. Epidemiology.
- Development of government and oil company services.
- Establishment of standards.
- Liaison with I. L. O. and other countries.
- Education of doctors and other health workers.
- 2. Petroleum and its Hazards to Health in Kuwait.
- The history of petroleum and its development.
- Use and destination of Kuwait products.
- Use of natural gas.
- Medical uses of petroleum.
- Hazards of petroleum manufacturing to workers and public; explosive and toxic.
- Additive effects of sun and petroleum on skin.
- Possible long-term carcinogenic effects on various body organs.
- 3. Secondary Industries.
- Development and pattern.
- Asbestos.
- Training for industry.
- Health education.
- XV. Air Pollution.
- The desert air, sand, dusts, spores and fungi.
- Cigarette.
- Urban planning.
- Industrial air pollution.
- Petroleum products, combustion.
- Legislation.
- WHO advice.
- Investigations of pollen production, Prosopis spicigera.
- Air-conditioning of houses.
- Atmospheric ionisation.
- XVI. Conclusion.
- Comparision of urbanization today with nineteenth century Europe.
- Kuwait’s anomalous development in Eastern Arabia.
- The intrusion of “foreigners” and internal schisms.
- Disease as a measure of the problem.
- The danger of dualism.
- The lessons of enlightened colonialism.
- Kuwait’s limited man-power pool.
- Diversification of trade and industry.
- Oil as a political weapon.
- Need for an understanding of ecology by Kuwait’s children.
- The problems of citizenship.
- The importance of a “cross-cultural” outlook.
- Kuwait as a study of enlightened development.
- References.
- Illustrations.