The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural and Contaminant Substances

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Intoduction.
• 1. Large-Scale Meteorological Regimes and Transport Processes:.
• 1.1. Introduction.
• 1.2. Long-range-Transport Overview.
• 1.3. The Atmospheric Pathway.
• 1.4. Concluding Remarks.
• 1.5. References.
• 2. The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements a Critical Evaluation:.
• 2.1. Overview.
• 2.2. Atmospheric Trace Elements and their Sources.
• 2.3. Trace-element Emissions to the Atmosphere.
• 2.4. Atmospheric Trace-element Transport.
• 2.5. Atmospheric Trace-element Scavenging.
• 2.6. Trace-element Recycling Between the Atmosphere and Oceans.
• 2.7. Trace-element Deposition.
• 2.8. The Effects and Significance.
• 2.9. References.
• 3. Mineral-Aerosol Transport to the North Atlantic and North Pacific: the Impact of African and Asian Sources:.
• 3.1. Introduction.
• 3.2. African Dust Transport Across the Tropical North Atlantic.
• 3.3. Transport of Asian Dust Across the North Pacific.
• 3.4. Discussion and Conclusions.
• 3.5. References.
• 4. The Intercontinental Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen:.
• 4.1. Introduction.
• 4.2. Sulfur and Nitrogen Characteristics.
• 4.3. The Long-range Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen.
• 4.4. Outlook for the Future.
• 4.5. Conclusions.
• 4.6. References.
• 5. The Long-Range Transport of Organic Compounds:.
• 5.1. Introduction.
• 5.2. Analytical Aspects.
• 5.3. Concentration Distribution.
• 5.4. Rates of Atmospheric Deposition.
• 5.5. Transformations.
• 5.6. References.
• 6. Arctic Air Pollution: A Case Study of Continent-to-Ocean-to-Continent Transport:.
• 6.1. The Phenomenon of Arctic Air Pollution.
• 6.2. Sulfur Transport into the Arctic.
• 6.3. Knowledge Gaps and Future Research.
• 6.4. References.
• 7. Chernobyl: A Summary Case Study with Emphasis on the Transport and Deposition to Scandinavia:.
• 7.1. Conclusions.
• 7.2. References.
• 8. Global Source Strength and Large-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements Emitted by Volcanic Activity:.
• 8.1. Introduction.
• 8.2. The Effect of Volcanoes on the Atmospheric Sulfur Budget.
• 8.3. The Volcanic Sulfur Fall-out in Polar Snow and Ice.
• 8.4. Volcanic Output of Trace Elements into the Atmosphere.
• 8.5. 210Po/210Pb as a Tracer of the Long-range Transport of Volcanic Aerosols.
• 8.6. Summary.
• 8.7. References.
• 9: The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements: Four Case Studies:.
• 9.1. Introduction.
• 9.2. The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements to the Arctic.
• 9.3. The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements to the Pacific Ocean.
• 9.4. The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements to the Mediterranean Sea.
• 9.5. The Transport of Trace Elements Across the North Atlantic Ocean.
• 9.6. Conclusions.
• 9.7. Recommendations.
• 9.8. References.
• 10: The Long-Range Transport of Mineral Aerosols: Group Report:.
• 10.1. Introduction.
• 10.2. Sources and Emissions.
• 10.3. Transport and Transformation.
• 10.4. Deposition.
• 10.5. The Significance and Impact of the Long-Range Transport of Dust.
• 10.6. Conclusions and Recommendations.
• 10.7. References.
• 11: The Long-Range Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds:.
• 11.1. Introduction.
• 11.2. Sources.
• 11.3. Favorable Transport Conditions.
• 11.4. Vertical Transport.
• 11.5. Chemical Transformations.
• 11.6. Deposition Processes.
• 11.7. Case Studies.
• 11.8. Uncertainties, Gaps, and Recommendations.
• 11.9. References.
• 12: The Long-Range Transport of Organic Compounds:.
• 12.1. Introduction.
• 12.2. Significance and Rationale.
• 12.3. Sources.
• 12.4. Transport.
• 12.5. Deposition.
• 12.6. Transformations.
• 12.7. Recommendations.
• 12.8. References.
• 13: Conclusions:.
• 13.1. Introduction.
• 13.2. Trace Elements.
• 13.3. Mineral Aerosols.
• 13.4. Sulfur and Nitrogen.
• 13.5. Organic Compounds.
• 14: Gaps and Future Research Recommendations:.
• 14.1. Gaps.
• 14.2. Recommendations for Future Research.
• Appendix Index.