Ultrasonic Testing of Materials

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• A Physical Principles of Ultrasonic Testing of Materials.
• 1. Waves.
• 2. Plane Sound Waves on Boundaries.
• 3. Geometric Ultrasonic Optics.
• 4. Wave Physics of Sound Field. The Sound Beam.
• 5. Echo and Shadow of an Obstacle in the Sound Field.
• 6. Attenuation of Ultrasonic Waves in Solids.
• 7. Piezoelectric Methods of Generation and Reception of Ultrasonic Waves.
• 8.* Other Methods for Transmitting and Receiving Ultrasound.
• B Methods and Instruments for the Ultrasonic Testing of Materials.
• 9. Intensity Methods.
• 10. Pulse-Echo Method.
• 11. Transit-Time Method.
• 12.* Sound Emission Analysis.
• C General Testing Technique.
• 13. Coupling, Choice of Probe and Measuring Frequency.
• 14. Interference Effect of Boundaries. Complex Sound Paths and Screen Patterns.
• 15. Testing by Means of Transverse, Surface and Plate Waves.
• 16. Determination of Shape and Size of Flaws.
• 17. Interference by External High-Frequency and Ultrasonic Sources.
• 18. Organization of the Test. Staff and Training Problems.
• 19. Testing Installations and Evaluation of Test Results.
• D Special Test Problems.
• 20. Flaw Detection on Metallic Specimens.
• 21. Railway Material.
• 22. Plate and Strip.
• 23. Semi-Finished Products: Rods, Billets and Wires.
• 24. Pipes and Cylinders.
• 25. Castings.
• 26. Welded Joints.
• 27. Joints Produced by Rivetting, Glueing and Shrinking.
• 28. Nuclear Reactors.
• 29. Metals and their Special Testing Problems.
• 30. Testing Problems on Non-Metallic Specimens.
• 31. Determination of Position, Shape and Level.
• 32. Measuring Methods Using Ultrasound.
• 33. Standardization.
• Appendix. Formulas, Diagrams and Tables.