Potato

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Section I Micropropagation, Virus-Free Plants, Haploid Production and Field Trials.
• I.1 Biotechnology and 21st Century Potato.
• 1. General Account.
• 2. Traditional Methods of Potato Breeding.
• 3. Biotechnology Produces Novel Potatoes.
• 4. The Future Potato.
• References.
• I.2 In Vitro Propagation of Potato - Progress in Czechoslovakia.
• 1. Introduction.
• 2. Meristem Tip Culture.
• 3. In Vitro Clonal Propagation.
• I.3 Virus-Free Potatoes Through Meristem Culture.
• 2. Virus Elimination.
• 3. Indexing Source Plants.
• 4. Heat Therapy.
• 5. Culture Medium.
• 6. Meristem Culture.
• 7. Indexing Treated Plantlets.
• 8. Elimination of PSTV.
• 9. Indexing Field Plants.
• 10. Summary.
• I.4 In Vitro Induction of Virus-Free Potatoes by Chemotherapy.
• 2. Meristem and Explant Culture of Potato in the Presence of Virazole.
• 3. Discussion.
• I.5 In Vitro Improvement of Potatoes: The New Zealand Approach.
• 2. Biotechnological Approaches.
• 3. Future Prospects of Biotechnology in Potatoes in New Zealand.
• I.6 In Vitro Production and Release of Potato Varieties in China.
• 2. Meristem-Tip Culture.
• 3. Cold Storage of Shoot Tips and Plantlets.
• 4. Large-Scale Propagation and Growing of the Virus-Free Plantlets.
• 5. Varieties Released.
• 6. Comparison of Growth and Production of Healthy and Infected Plants.
• 7. Conclusions and Prospects.
• I.7 Field Performance of Micropropagated Potato Plants.
• 2. Growth and Production of Micropropagated Potatoes as Compared to Tuber-Generated Potatoes.
• 3. Timing and Handling of Micropropagules.
• 4. Conclusions.
• I.8 Anther Culture and Haploid Production in Potato.
• 2. Factors Influencing Anther Culture.
• 3. Pollen Culture.
• 4. Development of Pollen Grains to Plants.
• 5. Utilization of Anther Culture Technique and Haploids.
• Section II Physiological, Biochemical and Nutritional Studies, and Molecular Genetics.
• II. 1 Potato Tuber Storage: Biochemical and Physiological Changes.
• 2. Relations Between Storage and Plant Hormones.
• 3. Changes in Various Constituents During Storage.
• 4. Changes in Metabolic Activities with Storage.
• II.2 Biotechnology of Nutritional Improvement of Potato.
• 1. Potato as a Food.
• 2. Potato as a Source of Energy.
• 3. Composition of Potato.
• 4. Nutritional Considerations on Improvement.
• 5. Conventional Methods of Improvement of Proteins and Amino Acids.
• 6. Biotechnological Approaches to Nutritional Improvement.
• II.3 Molecular Genetics of Potato.
• 2. Nuclear Genetics.
• 3. Organelle Genetics.
• 4. DNA-Mediated Genetic Transformation in S. tuberosum.
• 5. Molecular Genetics of Somaclonal Variation.
• 6. Conclusions and Prospects.
• Section III Protoplast Isolation, Culture and Somatic Hybridization.
• III.1 Viability, DNA Synthesis and Cell Wall Regeneration on Potato Protoplasts.
• 2. Methodology.
• 3. Results and Discussion.
• 4. Conclusion.
• III.2 Improved Culture Techniques for Potato Protoplasts.
• 2. Source of Plant Material.
• 3. Protoplast Isolation and Purification.
• 4. Protoplast Culture.
• 5. Conclusion.
• III.3 Regeneration of Plants from Potato Protoplasts.
• 2. Pre-Growth of the Cells or Plant.
• 3. Production of Protoplasts.
• 4. Collection and Washing of Protoplasts.
• 5. Culture of Protoplasts and Calli.
• 6. Nature of the Protoclones Produced.
• III.4 Electrofusion and Analysis of Potato Somatic Hybrids.
• 2. Protoplast Preparations.
• 3. Electrofusion of Potato Protoplasts.
• 4. Characterization of Variants and Fusion Products.
• III.5 Markers for Identifying Somatic Hybrids in Potato.
• 2. Biochemical Markers.
• 3. Transient Differences Between Hybrids and Their Parents...
• 4. Gross Phenotypic Differences.
• 5. Selectable Genetic Markers.
• 6. Conclusion.
• Section IV Somaclonal Variation, Selection of Mutants and Resistant Plants.
• IV. 1 Effect of the Origin of Explant on Callus Initiation and Differentiation in Potato.
• 2. Materials and Methods.
• 3. Study of the Aptitudes for Callogenesis and Organogenesis of Various Primary Explants.
• 4. Composition of the Callus After Fragmentation and Successive Subculturing.
• 5. Histogenesis.
• 6. Conclusions.
• IV2 In Vitro Induction of Cold Acclimation in Potato.
• 2. Potato Cold Acclimation.
• 3. The Establishment of Tissue Cultures.
• 4. In Vitro Cold Acclimation.
• 5. Hormonal Effects on Cold Acclimation.
• 6. Plasma Membrane Alterations.
• 7. Conclusion.
• IV3 Potato Improvement Through In Vitro Selection for Increased Levels of Free Amino Acids.
• 2. Selection Methods.
• 3. Potato Tissue Culture Selection.
• 4. Other Tissue Culture Selections.
• IV.4 Biotechnologies of Obtaining Herbicide Tolerance in Potato.
• 1. The Problem and Possible Solutions.
• 2. Biotechnological Selection Systems.
• 3. Results with Potatoes.
• 4. The Future Outlook and Challenges.
• IV.5 In Vitro Production of Potatoes Bearing Resistance to Fungal Diseases.
• 1. Historic Selection of Potato.
• 2. Potato Breeding and Disease Resistance.
• 3. Somatic Approach.
• 4. Isolation of Phytotoxin.
• 5. Resistance Screening of Regenerates.
• 6. Regeneration After in Vitro Selection.
• 7. Conclusions.
• IV.6 Selection of Variants by Dual Culture of Potato and Phytophthora infestans.
• 2. Regeneration of Potato Variants.
• 3. Dual Culture of Potato and Fungus.
• 4. Greenhouse Observations of Variants.
• 5. Conclusions and Prospects.
• IV.7 Testing Somaclonal Variants of Potato for Resistance to Virus Disease.
• 2. Examples of Specific Disease Resistance Studies with Potato.
• 3. Previous Work on Resistance to Potato Viruses.
• 4. Nature of Resistance to Disease in Somaclones.
• 5. Protoplasts Isolation from Potato Leaf Mesophyll.
• 6. Other Virus/Viroid Diseases.
• 7. Methods for Future Work.
• IV.8 Breeding for Virus and Nematode Resistance in Potato Through Microspore Culture.
• 3. Results.
• 4. Discussion.
• IV.9 Genetic Diversity in Protoplast- and Cell-Derived Plants of Potato.
• 2. Karyological Observations.
• 3. Phenotypic Changes in Protoplast- and Cell-Derived Plants.
• 4. Conclusions and Prospects.
• IV. 10 Variation in Tubers in Single Cell-Derived Clones of Potato in Ireland.
• 2. Single Cell Culture.
• 3. Somaclonal Variation in Regenerates from Single Cell Culture.
• IV. 11 Genetic Variability in Tuber Disc-Derived Potato Plants.
• 2. Tuber Disc Regeneration Procedure.
• 3. Origins of Variability.
• 4. Variability from Adventitious Regeneration.
• 5. Statistical Approach to Evaluation of Quantitative Variation.
• 6. Exemplary Analysis of Tuber Elongation Ratio Results.
• IV. 12 In Vitro Induction of Mutation in Potato.
• 2. In Vivo Mutation Breeding.
• 3. In Vitro Culture and Mutation Breeding.
• 4. The Somaclonal Variation.
• 5. Discussion and Perspectives.
• Section V Conservation and Exchange of Germplasm.
• V.1 Preservation of Potato Pollen.
• V.2 In Vitro Conservation of Potato Germplasm in Hungary.
• 2. Culture Initiation.
• 3. Elimination of Viruses, Bacteria and Fungi.
• 4. Maintenance of Cultures.
• 5. Maintenance of Viruses in Culture.
• 6. Long-Term Storage.
• 7. Genetic Stability.
• 8. Exchange and Transfer.
• 9. Vegetative Propagation.
• 10. In Vitro Tuberization.
• 11. Planting.
• 12. Development of Plants in the Field.
• 13. Conclusions.
• V.3 Tissue Culture for the International Exchange of Potato and Cassava Germplasm.
• 2. Establishment of Gene Banks.
• 3. Tissue Culture Methods.
• 4. Distribution of Germplasm.
• 5. Conclusions.
• V.4 Freeze Preservation of Suspension Cultures of Potato.
• 2. Preparation of Cell Suspension Culture.
• 3. Freeze Preservation.
• V.5 Cryopreservation of Potato Germplasm.
• 2. Cryopreservation of Excised Meristems.
• 3. Cryopreservation of Root Tips.
• 4. Cryopreservation of Cell Suspensions and Somaclones.
• 5. Cryopreservation of Pollen.
• 6. Viability and Stability During Storage.
• 7. Clonal Repositories and the International Exchange of Germplasm.
• 8. Conclusions and Prospects.
• V.6 Fluid Drilling of Embryos in Potato Improvement - A Future Possibility.
• 1. Problems of Potato ‘Seed’ Production.
• 2. Alternative Planting Systems.
• 3. Somatic Embryogenesis in Herbaceous Crops.
• 4. Delivery Systems for Somatic Embryos.
• 5. Recent Developments in Potato Tissue Culture.
• 6. Future of Fluid Drilling of Potato Somatic Embryos.