Vibration Problems in Structures

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Vibrations induced by people.
• 1.1 Pedestrian bridges.
• 1.2 Floors with walking people.
• 1.3 Floors for sport or dance activities.
• 1.4 Floors with fixed seating and spectator galleries.
• 1.5 High-diving platforms.
• References to Chapter 1.
• 2 Machinery-induced vibrations.
• 2.1 Machine foundations and supports.
• 2.2 Bell towers.
• 2.3 Structure-borne sound.
• 2.4 Ground-transmitted vibrations.
• References to Chapter 2.
• 3 Wind-induced vibrations.
• 3.1 Buildings.
• 3.2 Towers.
• 3.3 Chimneys and Masts.
• 3.4 Guyed Masts.
• 3.5 Pylons.
• 3.6 Suspension and Cable-Stayed Bridges.
• 3.7 Cantilevered Roofs.
• References to Chapter 3.
• 4 Vibrations induced by traffic and construction activity.
• 4.1 Roads.
• 4.2 Railways.
• 4.3 Bridges.
• 4.4 Construction Work.
• References to Chapter 4.
• A Basic vibration theory and its application to beams and plates.
• A.1 Free vibration.
• A.2 Forced vibration.
• A.3 Harmonic excitation.
• A.4 Periodic excitation.
• A.4.1 Fourier analysis of the forcing function.
• A.4.2 How the Fourier decomposition works.
• A.4.3 The Fourier Transform.
• A.5 Tuning of a structure.
• A.6 Impedance.
• A.7 Vibration Isolation (Transmissibility).
• A.8 Continuous systems and their equivalent SDOF systems.
• B Decibel Scales.
• B.1 Sound pressure level.
• B.2 Weighting of the sound pressure level.
• C Damping.
• C.1 Introduction.
• C.2 Damping Quantities (Definitions, Interpretations).
• C.3 Measurement of damping properties of structures.
• C.3.1 Decay curve method.
• C.3.2 Bandwidth method.
• C.3.3 Conclusions.
• C.4 Damping mechanisms in reinforced concrete.
• C.5 Overall damping of a structure.
• C.5.1 Damping of the bare structure.
• C.5.2 Damping by non-structural elements.
• C.5.3 Damping by energy radiation to the soil.
• C.5.4 Overall damping.
• D Tuned vibration absorbers.
• D.1 Definition.
• D.2 Modelling and differential equations of motion.
• D.3 Optimum tuning and optimum damping of the absorber.
• D.4 Practical hints.
• E Wave Propagation.
• E.1 Introduction.
• E.2 Wave types and propagation velocities.
• E.3 Attenuation laws.
• F Behaviour of concrete and steel under dynamic actions.
• F.1 Introduction.
• F.2 Behaviour of concrete.
• F.2.1 Modulus of elasticity.
• F.2.2 Compressive strength.
• F.2.3 Ultimate strain in compression.
• F.2.4 Tensile strength.
• F.2.5 Ultimate strain in tension.
• F.2.6 Bond between reinforcing steel and concrete.
• F.3 Behaviour of reinforcing steel.
• F.3.1 Modulus of Elasticity.
• F.3.2 Strength in Tension.
• F.3.3 Strain in tension.
• G Dynamic forces from rhythmical human body motions.
• G.1 Rhythmical human body motions.
• G.2 Representative types of activity.
• G.3 Normalised dynamic forces.
• H Dynamic effects from wind.
• H.1 Basic theory.
• H. l.1 Wind speed and pressure.
• H. l.2 Statistical characteristics.
• a) Gust spectrum.
• b) Aerodynamic admittance function.
• c) Spectral density of the wind force.
• H.1.3 Dynamic effects.
• H.2 Vibrations in along-wind direction induced by gusts.
• H.2.1 Spectral methods.
• a) Mechanical amplification function.
• b) Spectral density of the system response.
• H.2.2 Static equivalent force method based on stochastic loading.
• H.2.3 Static equivalent force method based on deterministic loading.
• H.2.4 Remedial measures.
• H.3 Vibrations in along-wind direction induced by buffeting.
• H.4 Vibrations in across-wind direction induced by vortex-shedding.
• H.4.1 Single structures.
• H.4.2 Several structures one behind another.
• H.4.3 Conical structures.
• H.4.4 Vibrations of shells.
• H.5 Vibrations in across-wind direction: Galloping.
• H.6 Vibrations in across-wind direction: flutter.
• H.7 Damping of high and slenderRC structures subjected to wind.
• I Human response to vibrations.
• I.1 Introduction.
• I.2 Codes of practice.
• I.2.1 ISO 2631.
• I.2.2 DIN 4150/2.
• J Building response to vibrations.
• J.1 General.
• J.2 Examples of recommended limit values.
• References to the Appendices.
• List of Codes and Standards.