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Applications of image-assisted total stations: Concepts, experiments, results and calibration
von Matthias EhrhartToday, different manufacturers of total stations equip their instruments with additional cameras which results in image-assisted total stations (IATSs). In contrast to the fully operational hardware of these instruments, the number of available applications which use the additional cameras for image-based measurements is still very limited.
To exploit the potential of these new instruments, different applications of IATSs are presented in this thesis. Along with the preparation of the required theory and the description of the used image processing algorithms, the individual applications are evaluated by experimental measurements with commercially available state-of-the-art IATSs under realistic environmental conditions.
The presented applications include static and dynamic deformation monitoring of civil engineering structures in which an IATS serves as a contactless measurement system that does not require access to the monitored structure at any time. The image-based measurements of an IATS are also used to tackle the correction of the vertical refraction angle which biases the vertical angle measurement of every total station. By measurements in a small-scale geodetic network, it is demonstrated that an IATS allows the determination of the coordinates of passive targets, such as simple printouts of a circle, with an accuracy of a few 0.01 mm. Furthermore, the image data of an IATS is used for the improvement of the conventional prism tracking with total stations in terms of robustness and seamless operation.
Besides these applications, also concepts for relating the imagebased measurements to theodolite angles and for a thorough but fast and simple calibration of an IATS are presented.
To exploit the potential of these new instruments, different applications of IATSs are presented in this thesis. Along with the preparation of the required theory and the description of the used image processing algorithms, the individual applications are evaluated by experimental measurements with commercially available state-of-the-art IATSs under realistic environmental conditions.
The presented applications include static and dynamic deformation monitoring of civil engineering structures in which an IATS serves as a contactless measurement system that does not require access to the monitored structure at any time. The image-based measurements of an IATS are also used to tackle the correction of the vertical refraction angle which biases the vertical angle measurement of every total station. By measurements in a small-scale geodetic network, it is demonstrated that an IATS allows the determination of the coordinates of passive targets, such as simple printouts of a circle, with an accuracy of a few 0.01 mm. Furthermore, the image data of an IATS is used for the improvement of the conventional prism tracking with total stations in terms of robustness and seamless operation.
Besides these applications, also concepts for relating the imagebased measurements to theodolite angles and for a thorough but fast and simple calibration of an IATS are presented.