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Die Alte Wiek
Archäologische Untersuchungen eines hochmittelalterlichen Strukturwandels in Braunschweig
von Dirk RiegerAusgrabungen 2004 im Braunschweiger Schloßpark gaben Einblick in die hochmittelalterlichen Strukturen am N-Rand des Stadtteils “Alte Wiek”. Zur Klärung der Frage, ob hier eine hochmittelalterliche Bebauung existierte und wie diese einzuordnen sei, wurden Befunde und Funde zweier Flächen der Grabung im Schloßpark und eines Holzkastenbrunnens am Ackerhof bis in die Zeit um 1200 untersucht und in 4 Phasen gegliedert. 1031 ist Braunschweig bzw. die Alte Wiek als „brunesguik“ erstmals erwähnt. Vom 10. und 11. Jh. an läßt sich anhand von Keramik Besiedlung im Grabungsareal nachweisen. Die 2. Phase umfaßt ein Siedlungsgefüge des 11. Jhs. an der Friesenstraße mit zwei giebelständigen Gebäuden [3-schiffiger Pfosten-Schwellriegel-Bau von 8 x 13 m mit Halbkeller, Grubenhaus von 4 x 12 m] und einem anders ausgerichteten Pfostenbau. In der 3. Phase [11./12. Jh.] folgte eine Umnutzung zu Ackerland oder einer Freifläche, in der 4. Phase [2. Hälfte 12. Jh.] fanden im Rahmen des Baus der Festung Hagen umfangreiche Planierarbeiten statt. Die unerwartete Größe des Siedlungsgebietes zeigt die hohe Bedeutung der frühen Stadt an der Handelsstraße Halberstadt-Bardowick an.
Excavations on Brunswick castle grounds in 2004 revealed High Medieval structures on the northern fringe of the “Alte Wiek” district. In order to resolve the question whether a High Medieval occupation existed here and how it is to be fitted in the larger context, features and finds from two areas of the castle ground excavation and a well with box-shaped wooden lining were analysed until around 1200 and divided into 4 phases. Brunswick, respectively the Alte Wiek is mentioned for the first time in 1031 as „brunesguik“. From the 10th/11th century onwards occupation is attested by pottery. The 2nd phase includes a settlement of the 11th century at Friesen road with 2 houses with their gables towards the road [3-aisled post building with sill beams of 8 by 13 m, sunken-featured building of 4 by 12 m] and a post building with a different orientation. In the 3rd phase [11th/12th century] the landuse changed to farmland or an open space, in the 4th phase [2nd half 12th century extensive levelling was done in connection with the construction of a fortification. The unexpected size of the settlement area indicates the great importance of the early town on the trade route from Halberstadt to Bardowick.
Excavations on Brunswick castle grounds in 2004 revealed High Medieval structures on the northern fringe of the “Alte Wiek” district. In order to resolve the question whether a High Medieval occupation existed here and how it is to be fitted in the larger context, features and finds from two areas of the castle ground excavation and a well with box-shaped wooden lining were analysed until around 1200 and divided into 4 phases. Brunswick, respectively the Alte Wiek is mentioned for the first time in 1031 as „brunesguik“. From the 10th/11th century onwards occupation is attested by pottery. The 2nd phase includes a settlement of the 11th century at Friesen road with 2 houses with their gables towards the road [3-aisled post building with sill beams of 8 by 13 m, sunken-featured building of 4 by 12 m] and a post building with a different orientation. In the 3rd phase [11th/12th century] the landuse changed to farmland or an open space, in the 4th phase [2nd half 12th century extensive levelling was done in connection with the construction of a fortification. The unexpected size of the settlement area indicates the great importance of the early town on the trade route from Halberstadt to Bardowick.