Exploring the Relationship between the Immune System and Asthma:

ABSTRACT Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness with a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, environmental, and immunologic components. This monograph explores the complex interplay between the immune system and bronchial asthma in the adult population, with a particular focus on defining the respiratory system, detailing bronchial asthma - its history, pathogenesis, risk factors, pollen season, and the viral disease COVID-19 as some of the possible factors for the development of asthma symptoms or worsening with health status. The monograph also describes types of prevention, diagnostic methods in clinical examination and last but not least asthma management and treatment. The role of both innate and adaptive immune responses, including the contribution of eosinophils, mast cells, Th2 lymphocytes, and cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, in the development and progression of asthma is also emphasized. Through an interdisciplinary approach that combines clinical, immunological and epidemiological data, the aim of this work is to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma in adult patients and to highlight the implications for targeted prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

KEYWORDS: bronchial asthma, inflammation, immune response, adult population, treatment