Constructing Test Items

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 What Is Constructing Test Items?.
• What This Book Is About.
• Major Purposes Of This Book.
• Why This Information Is Important.
• Persons For Whom This Book Is Intended.
• Overview Of The Remaining Chapters.
• How To Approach the Chapters.
• 2 Definition, Purpose, And Characteristics of Items.
• Defining A Test Item.
• Test Item Nomenclature.
• Purpose For Test Items.
• Criteria For Good Test Items.
• Assumptions For Test Items.
• Classification Of Items.
• Conclusion.
• 3 Determining the Content For Items: Validity.
• Basic Concepts of Validity.
• The Relationship Between Constructing Test Items and Validity.
• Conditions For Items To Contribute To Validity.
• Initial Considerations When Selecting Content For Items.
• Achieving Clarity In A Test’s Content.
• Developing Test Content Specifications.
• Melding Cognitive Processing Levels With Items Content.
• Test Item Specifications.
• Making An Item Consistent With Its Specification.
• 4 Starting To Write Items: Practical Considerations.
• The Importance Of Good Writing In Test Items.
• Sources For Information On Writing Style.
• Using Taxonomies In Writing Items.
• Distinctness Between Stem and Response Alternatives.
• Importance Of An Interrogative Stem.
• Determining The Correct Response For Test Items.
• Determining The Optimal Number Of Response Alternatives.
• Making Response Alternatives Plausible.
• Use Of All Of The Above Or None Of The Above As Response Alternatives.
• Using Specific Determiners In Test Items.
• Constructing Complex Response Alternatives.
• Time Examinees Need To Respond To Items.
• 5 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in the Multiple-Choice Format.
• Understanding The Multiple-Choice Item Format.
• Advantages and Criticisms Of Items In The Multiple-Choice Format.
• Editorial FormatFor Items.
• Using Directions Correctly.
• Specialized Style Rules For Multiple-Choice Items.
• Type Characteristics and Page Layout.
• 6 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in Other Common Formats.
• Precision In Wording, Again.
• Understanding Items In The True-False Format.
• Understanding Items In The Matching Format.
• Understanding Short-Answer AndSentence-Completion Items.
• Understanding Cloze-Procedure.
• 7 Judging the Quality Of Test Items: Item Analysis.
• Measurement Error.
• Understanding Item Analysis.
• Validating The Content Of Items.
• Using Leading Questions In Item Analysis.
• Item Statistics.
• Item Parameters.
• Item Bias.
• 8 Ethical, Legal Considerations, and Final Remarks for Item Writers.
• Ethical Concerns For Item Writers.
• Concluding Comments About Constructing Test Items.
• References.
• Author Index.