Solid Earth Geomagnetism

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Main Magnetic Field of the Earth.
• 1.1 Early History of Geomagnetism.
• 1.2 Distribution of the Geomagnetic Field.
• 1.3 Spherical Harmonic Analysis of the Geomagnetic Field.
• 1.4 Dipole and Non-Dipole Fields.
• 1.5 International Geomagnetic Reference Field.
• 1.6 Satellite Magnetic Survey.
• 2 Secular Variation of the Geomagnetic Field.
• 2.1 Secular Variation in Historical Times.
• 2.2 World Distribution of Secular Variation.
• 2.3 Decrease in the Earth’s Dipole Moment.
• 2.4 Westward Drift of the Non-Dipole Field.
• 2.5 Northward Shift of the Dipole.
• 2.6 Drifting and Standing Non-Dipole Fields.
• 2.7 Change in the Rate of the Earth’s Rotation and Geomagnetic Secular Variation.
• 3 Paleomagnetism.
• 3.1 Natural Remanent Magnetization.
• 3.2 Paleosecular Variation.
• 3.3 Reversal of the Geomagnetic Field.
• 3.4 Geomagnetic Polarity Stratigraphy.
• 3.5 Morphology of Transitional Field.
• 3.6 Polar Wandering and Continental Drift.
• 4 Theories of Origin of the Geomagnetic Field.
• 4.1 Basic Concept of the Dynamo.
• 4.2 Hydromagnetic Equations for the Dynamo.
• 4.3 Physical Conditions Necessary for a Dynamo Process.
• 4.4 Kinematic Dynamo Models.
• 4.5 Hydromagnetic Dynamo Models.
• 4.6 Non-Steady Behavior of Some Dynamo Models and Mechanism of Magnetic Field Reversal.
• 4.7 Energy for the Geomagnetic Dynamo.
• 4.8 Non-Dipole Field and Its Westward Drift.
• 5 Magnetic Fields of the Moon and Planets.
• 5.1 History of Measurement of the Lunar Magnetic Field.
• 5.2 Magnetic Moment of the Moon.
• 5.3 Magnetic Field Measurement on the Lunar Surface.
• 5.4 Subsatellite Measurement of the Lunar Magnetic Field.
• 5.5 Magnetic Permeability of the Moon as a Whole.
• 5.6 General Magnetic Properties of the Appolo Rock Samples.
• 5.7 Natural Remanent Magnetism of the Appolo Rock Samples.
• 5.8 Origin of the LunarMagnetic Field.
• 5.9 Magnetic Field of Planets.
• 6 Local Geomagnetic Anomalies.
• 6.1 Magnetic Anomalies on Land.
• 6.2 Marine Magnetic Anomalies.
• 6.3 Magnetized Bodies and Their Magnetic Fields.
• 6.4 Magnetic Anomalies and Plate Tectonics.
• 6.5 Magnetic Anomaly of Long Wavelength.
• 7 Tectonomagnetism.
• 7.1 Local Geomagnetic Changes Associated with Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions.
• 7.2 Rock Magnetization Change due to Stress.
• 7.3 Theories of Seismomagnetic and Volcanomagnetic Effects.
• 7.4 Magnetic Field Generation due to the Electrokinetic Effect.
• 7.5 Methods of Detecting Tectonomagnetic Changes.
• 8 Geomagnetic Variation of External Origin and Electromagnetic Induction.
• 8.1 Solar Daily Variation.
• 8.2 Lunar Daily Variation.
• 8.3 Geomagnetic Storms.
• 8.4 Substorm and Bay-Type Variation.
• 8.5 Micropulsations.
• 8.6 Geomagnetic Variations of Long Period.
• 9 Electromagnetic Induction in a Spherical Conductor.
• 9.1 Fundamental Equations.
• 9.2 Conductor of Spherical Symmetry.
• 9.3 Nearly Spherical Conductor.
• 9.4 Thin Spherical Shell.
• 9.5 Electromagnetic Induction by a Progressive Magnetic Field.
• 10 Global Distribution of Electrical Conductivity in the Earth and Moon.
• 10.1 Uniform Sphere Models.
• 10.2 Non-Uniform Sphere Models.
• 10.3 Inverse Problem.
• 10.4 Geomagnetic Secular Variation and the Electrical Conductivity of the Lower Mantle.
• 10.5 Electrical Conductivity of the Earth’s Core.
• 10.6 Overall Distribution of the Electrical Conductivity within the Earth.
• 10.7 Electrical Conductivity of the Moon.
• 10.8 Electrical Conductivity of Lunar Rock Samples.
• 10.9 Temperature and Electrical Conductivity.
• 10.10 Phase Transformation and Electrical Conductivity.
• 11 Electromagnetic Induction in a Plane Conductor.
• 11.1 Price’s Theory.
• 11.2 Relation between Externaland Internal Fields.
• 11.3 Non-Uniform Semi-Infinite Conductor.
• 11.4. Thin Plane Sheet.
• 11.5 Thin Sheet Underlain by a Conductor.
• 11.6 Thin Circular Disk.
• 11.7 Inverse Problem.
• 12 Electrical Conductivity Anomalies.
• 12.1 Anomalies of Short-Period Geomagnetic Variation.
• 12.2 Effects of Sea-Water and Sediments.
• 12.3 Magnetotellurics.
• 12.4 Conductivity Anomalies in Continents.
• 12.5 Conductivity Anomalies Beneath Oceans.
• 12.6 Geophysical Implication of Conductivity Anomaly.
• 12.7 Time-Dependent Conductivity Anomaly.
• References.