Housing in The Netherlands 1900–1940

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1. Introduction.
• 2. The pre-industrial period.
• Spatial openness.
• The town/country dichotomy.
• The street and the dwelling.
• The hofje.
• 3. Industrialization and urbanization.
• 4. Housing production before 1900.
• Industrial housing.
• Speculative housing.
• Housing associations.
• Agneta Park.
• 5. Dwelling conditions before 1900.
• Rural poverty.
• The typical row house.
• Hand-me-down housing.
• Back-to-back dwellings.
• The closed block: double exposure flats.
• Cupboard beds and alcoves.
• 6. The housing act of 1902.
• Municipal regulation before the Act.
• National reform precedents.
• The Act: building regulations.
• The Act: agents of productions.
• The Act: city planning.
• The context for progress.
• 7. The influence of Camillo Sitte.
• H. P. Berlage.
• J. J. P. Oud.
• 8. New role for the architect.
• Socialism.
• Artist, ego, and universalism.
• The dwelling as cultural symbol.
• Expressionism and the Amsterdam School.
• The Nieuwe Zakelijkheid.
• 9. The garden city tradition.
• of the tuinstad idea.
• Romanticism.
• Paternalism.
• Utopia and self-sufficiency.
• Polarization and critique.
• Influence.
• Preliminary tendencies to spatial openness.
• 10. Collectivity and communal space.
• The influence of hygiene.
• The hofje tradition.
• Communal garden prototype.
• Front and back: Tuinwijk Zuid, Haarlem.
• In and out: Spangen, Rotterdam.
• Symbolism of collectivity.
• 11. Standardization.
• Crisis.
• Berlage and ‘Normalisatie’.
• Concrete village: Watergraafsmeer, Amsterdam.
• J. J. P. Oud and De Stijl.
• The problem of the prototype.
• 12. Ideology: ends and means.
• De 8.
• Union with Opbouw.
• 13. The new conception of space.
• Orientation and light.
• Universal space.
• Flexibility.
• 14. Spatial openness: high-rise.
• The image of America.
• Romantic socialism.
• Propagation of theimage.
• Aesthetic applications.
• Rationalization.
• Rejection: Commissie voor den Hoogen Bouw.
• The Bergpolder Flats, Rotterdam.
• The 1934 Competition for Inexpensive Workers’ Dwellings.
• Final rejection before the war.
• 15. Conclusion.
• Notes.
• Bibliographical note.