Sensor Systems for Environmental Monitoring

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Volume.
• 1 Land pollution.
• 1.1 Introduction.
• 1.2 Common contaminant types and environmental behavior.
• 1.3 Sampling and analytical procedures.
• 1.4 Monitoring equipment and instrumentation.
• 1.5 Summary.
• References.
• 2 Water pollution.
• 2.1 Introduction.
• 2.2 Sampling.
• 2.3 Continuous monitoring.
• 2.4 Physical variables.
• 2.5 Chemical variables.
• 2.6 Biological variables.
• 2.7 Conclusions -.
• Acknowledgements.
• 3 Air pollution.
• 3.1 Introduction.
• 3.2 Characterisation of atmospheric pollutants.
• 3.3 Air pollution sampling.
• 3.4 Monitoring modes.
• 3.5 Conclusions.
• 4 Periodic methods for monitoring air pollution.
• 4.1 Introduction.
• 4.2 Sampling: the problems to overcome.
• 4.3 Losses to the sample line.
• 4.4 Classification of pollutants.
• 4.5 Classification of air samplers.
• 4.6 Detection limit.
• 4.7 Gas velocity and total flow in a duct.
• 4.8 Measurement of particulate in ducts.
• 4.9 Sampling devices for non-reactive gases and vapours.
• 4.10 Wet impingers and sintered glass absorbers.
• 4.11 Cryogenic methods.
• 4.12 Odour measurement.
• 4.13 Instrumental methods for use in the field.
• 4.14 Standard atmospheres.
• 4.15 Selected methods.
• 4.16 Conclusion.
• Appendix 1: References to the Environmental Protection Agency of the USA.
• Appendix 2: References to the NIOSH methods.
• Appendix 3: References to the Health and Safety Executive methods for the determination of hazardous substances (HSE MDHS).
• Appendix 4: References to the ASTM standard methods.
• 5 Industrial methods of spectrophotometry measurements in process control.
• 5.1 Introduction to process analytical chemistry.
• 5.2 Project route.
• 5.3 Industrial uses of spectroscopy.
• 5.4 Industrial measurements in the UV-visible region.
• 5.5 Industrial measurements in the IR region.
• 5.6 Quantitative measurement in spectroscopy.
• 5.7 Future trends.
• 6 Noise and vibration.
• 6.1 Introduction.
• 6.2 Noise sources.
• 6.3 Legislation.
• 6.4 Measurement.
• 6.5 Noise reduction and control.
• 6.6 Future trends.
• 6.7 Glossary.
• 7 Ionising radiation.
• 7.1 Introduction to radiation.
• 7.2 Properties of ionising radiation.
• 7.3 Sources of ionising radiation.
• 7.4 In situ measurements.
• 7.5 Sampling.
• 7.6 Analytical procedures.
• 7.7 Case study.
• 7.8 Conclusions.