Handbook of Air Pollution Analysis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 General sampling techniques.
• 1.1 Sampling goals and requirements.
• 1.2 Sampling methods.
• References.
• 2 Air pollution meteorology.
• 2.1 Introduction.
• 2.2 Meteorological measurements.
• 2.3 Outline of the more important features of the atmospheric transport and dispersion of pollutants.
• 2.4 Calculation of the atmospheric transmission of pollutants.
• 2.5 Examples of calculations using Gaussian models.
• 3 Air pollution chemistry.
• 3.1 Introduction.
• 3.2 Inorganic reactions.
• 3.3 Reactions involving organic compounds.
• 3.4 Gas-to-particle conversion.
• 3.5 Conclusion.
• 4 Analysis of particulate pollutants.
• 4.1 Introduction.
• 4.2 Suspended material.
• 4.3 Dustfall sampling.
• 4.4 Physical techniques for classification of particulates.
• 5 Metal analysis.
• 5.1 Introduction.
• 5.2 Analysis of particulate matter.
• 5.3 Gases and vapours.
• 6. Nitrogen and sulphur compounds.
• 6.1 Introduction.
• 6.2 Basic analytical techniques.
• 6.3 Experimental section.
• 6.4 Particulate compounds of S and N.
• 7 Secondary pollutants.
• 7.1 Introduction.
• 7.2 Basic analytical techniques for the analysis of gaseous secondary pollutants.
• 7.3 Experimental section.
• 8 Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
• 8.1 Introduction.
• 8.2 Volatile hydrocarbons.
• 8.3 Hydrocarbon fraction of airborne particulate matter.
• 8.4 Carbon monoxide.
• 9 Halogen compounds.
• 9.1 Fluorides.
• 9.2 Chlorine.
• 9.3 HCl and particulate chloride.
• 9.4 Bromides.
• 9.5. Halogenated hydrocarbons.
• 10. Remote monitoring techniques.
• 10.1 Introduction.
• 10.2 Correlation spectroscopy.
• 10.3 Single wavelength lidar.
• 10.4 Differential lidar.
• 10.5 Laser safety.
• 10.6 Long pathlength absorption spectroscopy (this section by A. M. Winer).
• 10.7 Meteorological measurements.
• 10.8 The use of remote sensing in field studies.
• 10.9 Conclusions.
• Acknowledgements.
• 11. Physico-chemical speciation techniques for atmospheric particles.
• 11.1 Introduction.
• 11.2 Speciation methods.
• 12. Analysis of precipitation.
• 12.1 Introduction.
• 12.2 Sampling.
• 12.3 Analysis.
• 12.4 Concluding comment.
• 13. Low-cost methods for air pollution analysis.
• 13.1 Introduction.
• 13.2 General considerations.
• 13.3 Selected methods for measuring air pollutants.
• 13.4 Additional considerations for selecting a low-cost air pollution measurement method.
• 14 Planning and execution of an air pollution study.
• 14.1 Introduction.
• 14.2 Objectives of the monitoring programme.
• 14.3 Effluent history from source to receptor.
• 14.4 The monitoring network.
• 14.5 The design of pollution monitoring systems.
• 14.6 Data handling.
• 14.7 Analysis of results.
• 14.8 Examples of monitoring networks and data presentations.
• 15 Quality assurance in air pollution monitoring.
• 15.1 Quality and quality assurance.
• 15.2 Definitions.
• 15.3 Elements of the monitoring chain.
• 15.4 Site location and character.
• 15.5 Sampling line integrity.
• 15.6 Instrument performance.
• 15.7 Calibration.
• 15.8 Discussion and further checks.