Extragalactic Astronomy

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• I: Forms and Structures.
• 1.1. Normal and Peculiar Galaxies.
• 1.2. Classification of Normal Galaxies.
• 1.3. Apparent and True Flattening of Galaxies.
• 1.4. Other Classifications Systems.
• 1.5. Classification of Peculiar Galaxies.
• II: Normal Galaxies.
• II.1. Contents.
• II.1.1. Photometric Properties.
• II.1.2. Stellar Content.
• II.1.3. The Interstellar Medium in Galaxies.
• II.1.4. Subsystems.
• II.2. Motions and Masses.
• II.2.1. Kinematics.
• II.2.2. Masses of Galaxies.
• II.2.3. Mass-Luminosity Ratios.
• II.3.2. Evolution of Galactic Content.
• III: Active Galaxies.
• III.1. Classification.
• III.2. Intergalactic H II Regions (IG H II).
• III.3. Galaxies with Nuclear Emission (neG).
• III.4. Irr II Galaxies.
• III.5. Seyfert Galaxies (SyG).
• III.5.1. Spectrum of Emission.
• III.5.2. Continuum Spectrum.
• III.5.3. Variability.
• III.5.4. Radioemission.
• III.5.5. Correlations.
• III.6. Strong Radio Galaxies (SRG).
• III.6.1. Radio Structures.
• III.6.2. Spectrum of Radio Frequencies.
• III.6.3. Time Scale.
• III.6.4. Compact Sources.
• III.6.5. Optical Forms Associated with SRG’s.
• III.6.6. Optical Spectra.
• III.6.7. Energetics of SRG’s.
• III.7. N Galaxies.
• III.8. Quasi Stellar Objects (QSO).
• III.8.1. Continuum Spectrum.
• III.8.2. Line Spectrum.
• III.8.3. BL Lacertae Objects.
• III.8.4. Redshifts and Nature of the QSO’s.
• III.9. Activity in Compact Objects.
• III.9.1. Excitation Mechanism.
• III.9.2. The Source of Energy.
• IV: Galaxies and their Environment.
• IV.1. Tidal Interactions.
• IV.1.2. Non-tidal Interactions.
• IV.2. Agregates of Galaxies.
• IV.2.1. Pairs and Multiplets.
• IV.2.2. Groups of Galaxies.
• IV.2.3. Clusters.
• IV.2.4. Second Order Clustering.
• IV.2.5. Clustering.
• IV.3. Mean Mass Density of Matter in the Universe.
• V: Measuring the Universe.
• V.1. Distance Indicators.
• V.1.1. Primary Distance Indicators.
• V.1.2. Other Photometric Indicators.
• V.1.3. Geometric Indicators.
• V.1.4. Other Indicators.
• V.2. The Scale of Distances.
• V.2.1. The Hubble Flow.
• V.2.2. The Quest for H0.
• V.3. Far Away and Long Ago.
• V.3.1. TheRedshift.
• V.3.2. The Hubble Law.
• VI: Cosmology.
• VI.1. Basic Assumptions.
• VI.2. Explosive Cosmologies.
• VI.3. Thermal Evolution of the Universe.
• VI.4. Primaeval Nucleosynthesis.
• VI.5. The Background Radiation.
• VI.6. Observational Cosmology.
• VI.6.1. Observable Parameters.
• VI.6.2. Fitting the Model to the Universe.
• VI.6.3. Lifting the Restriction ? = 0.
• VII: Gravitational Instability and Galaxy Formation.
• VII.1. Theory of Jeans’ Wavelength and Mass.
• VII.1.1. The Jeans Mass.
• VII.2. Gravitational Instability in an Expanding Universe.
• VII.2.1. The Era of Gravitational Instability.
• VII.3. Protogalaxies.
• VII.3.1. Non-linear Growth of a Density Perturbation.
• VII.4. Galaxy Formation Through Dissipative Collapse.
• VII.4.1. Stationary State out of Equilibrium.
• VII.4.2. Hierarchy of Fragmentations.
• VII.4.3. The End of the Hierarchy.
• VII.4.4. Global Dynamics.
• VII.4.5. The Influence of Rotation.
• VI.5. Dissipationless Collapse.
• VIII: Notes and Comments.
• VII.1. Catalogs and Atlas of Galaxies.
• VIII.2. Composite Spectra.
• VIII.3. The H I Spectrum.
• VIII.4. Determination of Rotation Curves.
• VIII.5. Rotation Period of Central Regions in Galaxies.
• VIII.6. Note for Section V.1.3.